/* ============================================================
   MLCS Autonomous Vehicle — light editorial theme
   Yonsei navy + gold · Work Sans (display) / Inter (body)
   ============================================================ */
:root {
  --paper: #ffffff;
  --paper-2: #f5f7fb;     /* cards / hover fills */
  --ink: #0c1320;         /* display + headings */
  --ink-soft: #2b3548;    /* body text */
  --muted: #5d6a82;       /* captions */
  --line: #e3e8f0;        /* hairlines */
  --line-2: #d3dae6;
  --signal: #00337f;      /* primary accent — Yonsei navy */
  --signal-deep: #00255c;
  --signal-wash: #eaf0f7;
  --link: #1f6cc7;        /* brighter blue (PANTONE 660C) for inline links/icons */

  /* ---- type scale: change a size here and it updates everywhere ---- */
  --fs-display: clamp(2.1rem, 4.6vw, 3.4rem); /* page hero (h1) */
  --fs-section: clamp(1.9rem, 4.2vw, 2.7rem);   /* home section titles */
  --fs-title:   clamp(1.5rem, 3.1vw, 2rem);     /* page section / group titles */
  --fs-xl:   1.7rem;    /* prominent card title (e.g. person name) */
  --fs-lg:   1.5rem;    /* card / row title */
  --fs-md:   1.3rem;   /* small heading */
  --fs-lead: 1.2rem;   /* lead / large body */
  --fs-base: 1.1rem;      /* body */
  --fs-sm:   0.95rem;   /* small body, meta */
  --fs-xs:   0.9rem;   /* fine print */
  --fs-label: 14px;     /* eyebrows, field labels */
  --fs-micro: 13px;     /* tags */
  --lane: #c6a15b;;        /* gold */

  --maxw: 1280px;
  --gut: 24px;
  --display: "Work Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;
  --body: "Inter", system-ui, sans-serif;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; scroll-padding-top: 80px; }
body {
  font-family: var(--body);
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  line-height: 1.62;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
h1, h2, h3, h4 { font-family: var(--display); color: var(--ink); letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1.1; }
:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--signal); outline-offset: 3px; border-radius: 2px; }

/* ---- shared: section eyebrow (uppercase label + gold tick) ---- */
.eyebrow {
  font-family: var(--display); font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 4.2vw, 2rem); font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em; color: var(--signal); text-transform: uppercase;
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 16px;
}
.eyebrow::before { content: ""; width: 32px; height: 5px; background: var(--lane); }

/* ===== NAV ===== */
.nav {
  position: fixed; inset: 0 0 auto 0; z-index: 100;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82); backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.nav__inner {
  max-width: var(--maxw); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 var(--gut);
  height: 68px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between;
}
.brand { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; }
.brand__text { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 700; font-size: 16px; color: var(--ink); line-height: 1.05; }
.brand__text em { display: block; font-style: normal; font-weight: 500; font-size: 10.5px; color: var(--muted); letter-spacing: 0.14em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.nav__links { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 26px; }
.nav__links a { font-size: 14px; color: var(--ink-soft); font-weight: 500; }
.nav__links a:hover { color: var(--signal); }
.nav__links a.is-active { color: var(--signal); font-weight: 600; }
.nav__cta { color: #fff !important; background: var(--signal); padding: 8px 16px; border-radius: 8px; }
.nav__cta.is-active { background: var(--signal-deep); }
.nav__cta:hover { background: var(--signal-deep); }
.nav__toggle { display: none; background: none; border: 0; flex-direction: column; gap: 5px; cursor: pointer; padding: 6px; }
.nav__toggle span { width: 24px; height: 2px; background: var(--ink); transition: .25s; }

/* nav dropdown (e.g. People -> Faculty / Students / Alumni) */
.nav__item { position: relative; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; }
.nav__drop { position: absolute; top: 100%; left: -10px; min-width: 168px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(12,19,32,.10); padding: 7px; display: none; flex-direction: column; }
.nav__drop::before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: -10px; left: 0; right: 0; height: 10px; } /* keeps hover while crossing the gap */
.nav__item:hover .nav__drop, .nav__item:focus-within .nav__drop { display: flex; }
.nav__drop a { padding: 9px 12px; border-radius: 7px; font-size: 14px; color: var(--ink-soft); }
.nav__drop a:hover { background: var(--paper-2); color: var(--signal); }

/* group tags (AV / Robotics) — equal weight, soft tinted */
.tag { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; font-size: var(--fs-micro); font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .04em; padding: 3px 9px; border-radius: 999px; line-height: 1.5; }
.tag--av { background: #e2f3f1; color: #0d8276; }   /* teal — Autonomous Vehicle */
.tag--rob { background: #efeaff; color: #6d3fe0; }  /* violet — Robotics */
.tag--mv { background: #edf0f4; color: #55617a; }   /* gray — Machine Vision */
.tag--all { background: #e6eaf1; color: #44506a; }  /* neutral — filter reset */

/* ===== Buttons ===== */
.btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-family: var(--body); font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; padding: 13px 26px; border-radius: 10px; transition: transform .14s, background .2s, box-shadow .2s; cursor: pointer; }
.btn--primary { background: var(--signal); color: #fff; box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0,51,127,.22); }
.btn--primary:hover { background: var(--signal-deep); transform: translateY(-2px); }
.btn--ghost { border: 1px solid var(--line-2); color: var(--ink); background: #fff; }
.btn--ghost:hover { border-color: var(--signal); color: var(--signal); }
.btn--block { width: 100%; }

/* ===== Sections (shared) ===== */
.section { max-width: var(--maxw); margin: 0 auto; padding: 104px var(--gut); }
.section__head { margin-bottom: 52px; }
.section__head h2 { font-size: var(--fs-section); font-weight: 700; margin-top: 12px; }
.section--tight { padding-top: 8px; }

/* ===== Inner page header ===== */
.page { padding-top: 68px; }
.page-head { max-width: var(--maxw); margin: 0 auto; padding: 64px var(--gut) 0; }
.page-head__row { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; align-items: flex-end; gap: 10px 24px; margin-top: 16px; }
.page-head__row .page-head__lead { margin-top: 0; }
.page-head__tags { display: flex; gap: 8px; flex-shrink: 0; }
.page-head > .page-head__tags { margin-top: 16px; }
/* clickable page-head tags act as a show-only filter (matching tag + untagged) */
.page-head__tags[data-filter-target] .tag { cursor: pointer; user-select: none; transition: opacity .15s, box-shadow .15s; }
.page-head__tags.has-active .tag:not(.is-active) { opacity: .4; }
.page-head__tags .tag.is-active { box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px var(--paper), 0 0 0 4px currentColor; }
.is-filtered { display: none !important; }
.page-head h1 { font-size: var(--fs-display); font-weight: 700; margin-top: 14px; }
.page-head__lead { color: var(--muted); margin-top: 16px; max-width: 640px; font-size: var(--fs-lead); }
.page-head__lead--wide { max-width: none; }
.page-head__lead em { font-style: italic; opacity: .75; }

.empty-note { color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--fs-lead); }
.empty-note em { font-style: italic; opacity: .7; }

/* ===== Vision (home mission statement) ===== */
.vision p { font-size: var(--fs-base); color: var(--ink-soft); margin-bottom: 16px; }
.vision p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

/* ===== Our Teams (home: Robotics / Autonomous Vehicle entry cards) ===== */
.teams { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 22px; }
.team { display: block; padding: 30px 30px 26px; background: var(--paper); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-top: 4px solid var(--line); border-radius: 16px; transition: transform .2s, box-shadow .2s, border-color .2s; }
.team:hover { transform: translateY(-4px); box-shadow: 0 14px 36px rgba(12,19,32,.08); }
.team h3 { font-size: var(--fs-lg); font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 12px; }
.team p { color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: var(--fs-sm); margin-bottom: 18px; }
.team__more { font-weight: 700; font-size: var(--fs-sm); }
.team--rob { border-top-color: #6d3fe0; }
.team--rob .team__more { color: #6d3fe0; }
.team--av { border-top-color: #0d8276; }
.team--av .team__more { color: #0d8276; }
@media (max-width: 760px) { .teams { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }

/* ===== Cards (home research summary) ===== */
.cards { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); gap: 18px; }
.card { background: var(--paper); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 14px; padding: 26px 22px; transition: border-color .2s, transform .2s, box-shadow .2s; }
.card:hover { border-color: var(--signal); transform: translateY(-3px); box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(12,19,32,.06); }
.card .tag { margin-bottom: 12px; }
.card h3 { font-size: var(--fs-md); font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 10px; }
.card p { font-size: var(--fs-sm); color: var(--muted); }

/* ===== Projects ===== */
.projects { list-style: none; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.project { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 170px 1fr; gap: 6px 24px; padding: 26px 4px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); transition: background .2s; }
.project:hover { background: var(--paper-2); }
.project__status { grid-row: 1 / span 3; font-size: var(--fs-label); font-weight: 500; color: var(--muted); letter-spacing: .04em; padding-top: 4px; }
.project--open .project__status { color: var(--signal); font-weight: 600; }
.project h3 { grid-column: 2; font-size: var(--fs-lg); font-weight: 700; }
.project__desc { grid-column: 2; color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--fs-sm); }
.project__keys { grid-column: 2; font-size: var(--fs-label); letter-spacing: .03em; color: var(--ink); margin-top: 8px; }

/* ===== Publications ===== */
.pubs { list-style: none; }
.pub { display: flex; gap: 24px; padding: 20px 4px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.pub__year { font-weight: 600; color: var(--signal); min-width: 48px; padding-top: 2px; }
.pub__title { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 600; font-size: var(--fs-lead); color: var(--ink); margin-bottom: 3px; }
.pub__meta { color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--fs-sm); }
.pub__meta em { font-style: italic; }
.pubs__more { margin-top: 30px; }
.pubs__more a { font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--signal); }
.pubs__more a:hover { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--signal); }

/* ===== People (stacked rows: photo left, info right) ===== */
.people { display: grid; gap: 18px; }
.people__group { font-family: var(--display); font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--ink); margin: 36px 0 6px; }
.people__group:first-child { margin-top: 8px; }
.person__tags { display: flex; gap: 6px; margin-bottom: 12px; }
.person__links { display: inline-flex; gap: 12px; margin-left: 16px; vertical-align: middle; }
.person__links a { color: var(--link); display: inline-flex; }
.person__links a:hover { color: var(--signal); }
.person__links svg { width: 30px; height: 30px; fill: currentColor; display: block; }
.person { display: flex; gap: 30px; align-items: flex-start; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 14px; padding: 28px 32px; background: var(--paper); }
.person__photo { flex: 0 0 240px; width: 240px; min-width: 0; aspect-ratio: 4/5; border-radius: 0; background: var(--signal-wash); display: grid; place-items: center; font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.8rem; color: var(--signal); }
.person__photo::after { content: attr(data-initials); }
img.person__photo { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.person__body { flex: 1; min-width: 0; }
.person h3 { font-size: var(--fs-xl); font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 6px; }
.person__title { font-weight: 700; color: var(--ink); margin-bottom: 12px; }
.person__field { display: flex; gap: 12px; align-items: baseline; margin-bottom: 4px; font-size: var(--fs-sm); }
.person__field-label { flex: 0 0 64px; font-size: var(--fs-micro); font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }
.person__field-val { font-weight: 700; color: var(--ink); }
a.person__field-val:hover { color: var(--signal); }
.person__dept { margin-top: 12px; color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--fs-sm); }
.person__interest-label { margin-top: 20px; font-size: var(--fs-label); font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--signal); }
.person__interest { margin-top: 6px; color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: var(--fs-sm); }

/* ===== Alumni (institution → degree hierarchy, reuses .person rows) ===== */
.alum-inst:first-child { margin-top: 40px; }
.alum-inst + .alum-inst { margin-top: 64px; }
.alum-inst__title { font-family: var(--display); font-size: var(--fs-title); font-weight: 800; color: var(--ink); padding-bottom: 14px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--line-2); }
.alum-deg { font-family: var(--display); font-size: 1.15rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .04em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--signal); margin: 32px 0 12px; }
.alum-deg::before { content: ""; display: inline-block; width: 14px; height: 3px; background: var(--lane); vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 10px; }
.alum__edu { color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: var(--fs-sm); margin-bottom: 4px; }
.alum__now { margin-top: 12px; font-size: var(--fs-sm); font-weight: 700; color: var(--signal); }

/* ===== Join ===== */
.join { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; gap: 18px; align-items: start; }
.join__col { border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 14px; padding: 28px; background: var(--paper); }
.join__col h3 { color: var(--ink); font-size: var(--fs-md); font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 18px; }
.join__col--cta { border-color: var(--signal); box-shadow: 0 12px 32px rgba(0,51,127,.12); }
.join__col--cta p { color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 16px; font-size: var(--fs-sm); }
.join__fine { text-align: center; font-size: var(--fs-xs); color: var(--signal); margin-top: 14px; }
.ticks { list-style: none; display: grid; gap: 12px; }
.ticks li { position: relative; padding-left: 26px; color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: var(--fs-sm); }
.ticks li::before { content: "→"; position: absolute; left: 0; color: var(--signal); }

/* ===== Footer ===== */
.footer { background: var(--ink); color: #c4cdde; }
.footer__inner { max-width: var(--maxw); margin: 0 auto; padding: 60px var(--gut) 40px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr; gap: 40px; }
.footer .brand__text { color: #fff; }
.footer .brand__text em { color: #8a96ad; }
.brand--footer { margin-bottom: 18px; }
.footer__addr { color: #8a96ad; font-size: var(--fs-sm); line-height: 1.8; }
.footer__col h4 { font-size: var(--fs-label); font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #8a96ad; margin-bottom: 14px; }
.footer__col a { display: block; color: #c4cdde; font-size: var(--fs-sm); margin-bottom: 10px; }
.footer__plain { display: block; color: #8a96ad; font-size: var(--fs-sm); margin-bottom: 10px; }
.footer__col a:hover { color: var(--lane); }
.footer__bar { border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1); padding: 20px var(--gut); text-align: center; color: #8a96ad; font-size: var(--fs-xs); }

/* ============================================================
   Home (news / editorial landing)
   ============================================================ */
.home { padding-top: 44px; max-width: var(--maxw); margin: 0 auto; padding-inline: var(--gut); }

/* full-bleed alternating bands (home) */
.band { padding: 56px 0; }
.band:first-of-type { padding-top: 40px; }
.band--alt { background: var(--paper-2); border-block: 1px solid var(--line); }
.band__inner { max-width: var(--maxw); margin: 0 auto; padding-inline: var(--gut); }
.band__head { margin-bottom: 26px; }

/* top banner: full-width light band, blue lab name + dark description inside */
.banner { background: var(--signal-wash); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); padding: 116px var(--gut) 46px; }
.banner__inner { max-width: var(--maxw); margin: 0 auto; }
.banner h1 { color: var(--signal); font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 4.2vw, 2.9rem); font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: -.02em; line-height: 1.08; }
.banner__sub { color: var(--signal-deep); margin-top: 10px; font-size: var(--fs-lead); font-weight: 600; }
.label { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 800; font-size: 21px; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--signal); display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; }
.label::before { content: ""; width: 22px; height: 4px; background: var(--lane); }
.rule { border: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); margin: 56px 0; }

/* lead */
.lead { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.7fr 1fr; gap: 44px; }

/* featured carousel */
.carousel { position: relative; min-width: 0; }
.carousel__viewport { position: relative; overflow: hidden; }
.carousel__track { display: flex; transition: transform .45s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1); }
.carousel .btn--primary { box-shadow: none; }  /* avoid neighbor slide's shadow bleeding past the clip edge */
.slide { flex: 0 0 100%; min-width: 0; padding-bottom: 4px; }
.slide__media { height: 340px; border-radius: 14px; background: var(--paper-2); border: 1px solid var(--line); display: grid; place-items: center; color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--fs-xs); margin-bottom: 18px; }
.slide__media::after { content: attr(data-label); }
img.slide__media, video.slide__media { width: 100%; height: 340px; object-fit: contain; background: none; border: none; border-radius: 0; }
.slide h2 { font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 2.2vw, 1.7rem); font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -.01em; line-height: 1.15; margin: 10px 0 10px; }
.slide h2 strong { font-weight: 700; }
.slide__venue { font-weight: 400; }
.slide h2 a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
.slide h2 a:hover { color: var(--signal); text-decoration: underline; }
.slide p { font-size: var(--fs-sm); color: var(--ink-soft); margin-bottom: 20px; text-indent: 1.0em; }
.slide p em { font-style: italic; opacity: .7; }
.carousel__arrow {
  position: absolute; top: 30%; transform: translateY(-50%);
  width: 44px; height: 44px; border-radius: 50%;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-2); background: rgba(255,255,255,.9); backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
  color: var(--ink); font-size: 24px; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;
  display: grid; place-items: center; opacity: 0; transition: opacity .2s, border-color .2s, color .2s;
}
.carousel:hover .carousel__arrow { opacity: 1; }
.carousel__arrow:hover { border-color: var(--signal); color: var(--signal); background: #fff; }
.carousel__arrow--prev { left: 14px; }
.carousel__arrow--next { right: 14px; }
#featured .carousel__arrow { top: 170px; }  /* vertical center of the 340px image */
.carousel__dots { display: flex; gap: 8px; justify-content: center; margin-top: 18px; }
.carousel__dot { width: 8px; height: 8px; padding: 0; border: 0; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--line-2); cursor: pointer; transition: background .2s, transform .2s; }
.carousel__dot.is-active { background: var(--signal); transform: scale(1.3); }
@media (max-width: 860px) { .carousel__arrow { opacity: 1; } }
.news { border-left: 1px solid var(--line); padding-left: 28px; }
.news-item { display: block; padding: 16px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.news-item:first-of-type { border-top: 0; }
.news-item time { display: block; font-size: var(--fs-label); color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 5px; letter-spacing: .02em; }
.news-item p { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 600; font-size: var(--fs-base); color: var(--ink); line-height: 1.35; }
.news-item p a { color: var(--signal); }
.news-item p a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.news-item em { font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; opacity: .55; }
a.news-item:hover p { color: var(--signal); }
.news-item--static { cursor: default; }
.news__more { display: inline-block; margin-top: 14px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--signal); }

/* publications + facts row */
.tworow { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.4fr 1fr; gap: 44px; align-items: start; }
.facts { border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 14px; overflow: hidden; }
.facts div { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; padding: 15px 20px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.facts div:first-child { border-top: 0; }
.facts dt { color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--fs-sm); }
.facts dd { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 600; color: var(--ink); font-size: var(--fs-sm); text-align: right; }
.facts .live { color: var(--signal); }

/* gap before the dark footer on the home page */
.home ~ .footer { margin-top: 80px; }

/* ===== Responsive ===== */
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .nav__links { position: fixed; inset: 68px 0 auto 0; flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; gap: 0; background: var(--paper); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); padding: 10px var(--gut); transform: translateY(-160%); transition: transform .3s; }
  .nav__links.open { transform: translateY(0); }
  .nav__links a { padding: 14px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .nav__cta { text-align: center; margin: 12px 0; }
  .nav__toggle { display: flex; }
  .nav__item { display: block; }
  .nav__drop { position: static; display: flex; border: 0; box-shadow: none; padding: 0 0 0 16px; min-width: 0; }
  .nav__drop::before { display: none; }
  .join, .lead, .tworow { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .cards { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .news { border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding-top: 24px; }
  .footer__inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}
@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .cards { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .section { padding: 76px var(--gut); }
  .project { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 6px; }
  .project__status, .project h3, .project__desc, .project__keys { grid-column: 1; }
  .person { flex-direction: column; }
  .person__photo { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 16/9; }
}

/* ===== Reduced motion ===== */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
}

/* ============================================================
   AV / Robotics page components (research, projects, publications, faculty)
   ============================================================ */

/* collapsible group section (big heading + chevron) */
.group { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.group__head { cursor: pointer; list-style: none; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 14px; padding: 24px 0 18px; }
.group__head::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.group__title { font-family: var(--display); font-size: var(--fs-title); font-weight: 700; color: var(--ink); }
.group__head::after { content: "\25BE"; margin-left: auto; color: var(--muted); font-size: 1.45rem; line-height: 1; transition: transform .2s; }
.group__head:hover::after { color: var(--signal); }
.group[open] .group__head::after { transform: rotate(180deg); }

/* research: stacked rows */
.rlist { display: grid; gap: 14px; padding-bottom: 30px; }
.ritem { border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 14px; padding: 22px 24px; }
.ritem h3 { font-size: var(--fs-md); font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 8px; }
.ritem p { color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--fs-sm); }

/* projects: image-left rows + ongoing/completed groups */
.group-h { font-family: var(--display); font-size: var(--fs-title); font-weight: 700; color: var(--ink); padding: 24px 0 18px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.prows { display: grid; gap: 18px; padding-bottom: 30px; }
.prow { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 240px 1fr; gap: 24px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 14px; padding: 18px; }
.prow__media { aspect-ratio: 4/3; border-radius: 10px; background: linear-gradient(135deg,#dfe5ee,#eef2f7); border: 1px solid var(--line); display: grid; place-items: center; color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--fs-label); }
.prow__media::after { content: attr(data-label); }
img.prow__media { width: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
img.prow__media--logo { object-fit: contain; background: #fff; padding: 24px; }
.prow__tags { display: flex; gap: 6px; margin-bottom: 10px; }
.prow h3 { font-size: var(--fs-lg); font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 6px; }
.prow__body > p { color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--fs-sm); }
.prow__keys { font-size: var(--fs-label); letter-spacing: .03em; color: var(--ink); margin-top: 12px; }

/* publications: reference line that expands to thumbnail + links */
.publist { display: grid; }
.pub2 { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.pub2__ref { cursor: pointer; list-style: none; padding: 16px 28px 16px 4px; font-size: var(--fs-base); line-height: 1.5; color: var(--ink); position: relative; }
.pub2__ref::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.pub2__ref .tag { margin-left: 6px; }
.pub2:not(.pub2--static) .pub2__ref::after { content: "\25BE"; position: absolute; right: 4px; top: 14px; font-size: 1.45rem; line-height: 1; color: var(--muted); transition: transform .2s; }
.pub2:not(.pub2--static) .pub2__ref:hover::after { color: var(--signal); }
.pub2[open] .pub2__ref::after { transform: rotate(180deg); }
.pub2[open] .pub2__ref { color: var(--signal); }
.pub2__ref em { font-style: italic; color: var(--muted); }
.pub2--static .pub2__ref { cursor: default; }
.pub2--book { display: flex; gap: 22px; align-items: flex-start; }
.pub2--book .pub2__ref { padding-top: 18px; }
.book__cover { flex: 0 0 200px; width: 200px; aspect-ratio: 3/4; object-fit: cover; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 4px; margin: 16px 0; background: linear-gradient(135deg,#dfe5ee,#eef2f7); display: grid; place-items: center; color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--fs-micro); }
.book__cover::after { content: attr(data-label); }
img.book__cover { aspect-ratio: auto; height: auto; background: none; }
.pub2__link { color: var(--signal); font-weight: 600; white-space: nowrap; }
.pub2__link:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
/* when expanded: image pinned left; reference (top) and links (below it) flow on the right */
.pub2[open] { position: relative; padding-left: 264px; min-height: 174px; }
.pub2[open] .pub2__media { position: absolute; left: 0; top: 16px; width: 240px; margin: 0; }
.pub2[open] .pub2__links { padding: 0 0 18px; }
.pub2__media { width: 240px; aspect-ratio: 16/10; border-radius: 0; background: linear-gradient(135deg,#dfe5ee,#eef2f7); border: 1px solid var(--line); display: grid; place-items: center; color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--fs-label); }
.pub2__media::after { content: attr(data-label); }
img.pub2__media, video.pub2__media { object-fit: contain; background: transparent; border: none; }
.pub2__desc { margin-top: 8px; color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: var(--fs-sm); line-height: 1.55; }
.pub2__links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; }
.pub2__links a { font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--signal); }
.pub2__links a:not(:last-child)::after { content: "\00B7"; color: var(--muted); font-weight: 400; margin: 0 10px; }
.pub2__links a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

/* platforms (hardware cards: image + name + desc) */
.platforms { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 20px; }
.platform { border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 14px; overflow: hidden; background: var(--paper); transition: border-color .2s, box-shadow .2s, transform .2s; }
.platform:hover { border-color: var(--signal); box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(12,19,32,.06); transform: translateY(-3px); }
.platform__img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 4/3; object-fit: contain; padding: 18px; display: block; background: var(--paper-2); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.platform__body { padding: 20px 22px; }
.platform h3 { font-size: var(--fs-md); font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 6px; }
.platform p { color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--fs-sm); }
@media (max-width: 820px) { .platforms { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; } }
@media (max-width: 520px) { .platforms { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }

/* ===== Sponsors (logo wall) ===== */
.sponsors { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 32px 52px; }
.sponsors img { height: 46px; width: auto; object-fit: contain; }
@media (max-width: 520px) { .sponsors { gap: 26px 36px; } .sponsors img { height: 38px; } }

/* faculty profile */
.faculty { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.15fr 1fr; gap: 40px; align-items: start; }
.faculty__photo { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 4/3; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 14px; background: var(--signal-wash); border: 1px solid var(--line); display: grid; place-items: center; font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 700; font-size: 2.4rem; color: var(--signal); }
.faculty__photo::after { content: attr(data-initials); }
.faculty__head h2 { font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 3.2vw, 2.3rem); font-weight: 700; }
.faculty__role { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; margin-top: 10px; color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }
.faculty__aff { color: var(--ink-soft); margin-top: 10px; line-height: 1.7; }
.faculty__aff a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
.faculty__aff a:hover { color: var(--signal); text-decoration: underline; }
.faculty__addr { color: var(--muted); margin-top: 14px; font-size: var(--fs-sm); line-height: 1.6; }
.faculty__addr-label { display: block; font-size: var(--fs-micro); font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 4px; }
.lab-photo { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 16/9; border-radius: 14px; border: 1px solid var(--line); background: linear-gradient(135deg,#dfe5ee,#eef2f7); display: grid; place-items: center; color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--fs-xs); }
.lab-photo::after { content: attr(data-label); }
img.lab-photo { object-fit: cover; }
.lab-carousel { max-width: 760px; }
.lab-slide { flex: 0 0 100%; min-width: 0; }
.lab-slide img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 14px; border: 1px solid var(--line); display: block; }
.lab-carousel .carousel__arrow { top: 50%; }
.carousel__cap { margin-top: 12px; text-align: center; font-size: var(--fs-sm); color: var(--muted); }
.faculty__mail { display: inline-block; margin-top: 8px; color: var(--signal); font-weight: 600; }
.faculty__section { margin-top: 44px; }
.faculty__section h3 { font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 14px; padding-bottom: 8px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--line); }
.faculty__section p { color: var(--ink-soft); margin-bottom: 14px; }
.faculty__section ul { list-style: none; display: grid; gap: 10px; }
.faculty__section li { position: relative; padding-left: 18px; color: var(--ink-soft); }
.faculty__section li::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 9px; width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--lane); }
.faculty__section h4 { font-size: var(--fs-sm); font-weight: 700; color: var(--muted); margin: 22px 0 12px; }
.faculty__section li .course-code { font-weight: 700; color: var(--ink); }
.faculty__section li .course-when { color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--fs-sm); }

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .prow { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .pub2[open] { padding-left: 0; }
  .pub2[open] .pub2__media { position: static; width: 100%; max-width: 320px; margin-top: 12px; }
  .faculty { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .faculty__photo { max-width: 320px; }
}